Finance & Economy

Chinese manners

Chinese manners

China is known as a state of etiquette and ceremonies. Many proverbs have been passed down from generation to generation such as 'civility costs nothing' or 'courtesy demands reciprocity' and so on. For instance, there is an interesting short story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour to visit his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he got hold of nothing but a feather. Instead of returning home, he continued his journey with the swan feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift, he was deeply moved by the story as well as the sincerity. And the saying 'the gift is nothing much, but it's the thought that counts.' was spread far and wide.

Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition has a history of more than 2000 years and nowadays it is seldom used except in the Spring Festival. And shaking hands is more popular and appropriate on some formal occasions. Bowing, as to convey respect to the higher level, is often used by the lower like subordinates, students, and attendants. But at present Chinese youngsters tend to simply nod as a greeting. To some extent this evolution reflects the ever-increasing paces of modern life.

It is common social practice to introduce the junior to the senior, or the familiar to the unfamiliar. When you start a talk with a stranger, the topics such as weather, food, or hobbies may be good choices to break the ice. To a man, a chat about current affairs, sports, stock market or his job can usually go on smoothly. Similar to Western customs, you should be cautious to ask a woman private questions. However, relaxing talks about her job or family life will never put you into danger. She is usually glad to offer you some advice on how to cook Chinese food or get accustomed to local life. Things will be quite different when you've made acquaintance with them. Implicit as Chinese are said to be, they are actually humorous enough to appreciate the exaggerated jokes of Americans.

As is said above, Chinese consider gifts as an important part to show courtesy. It is appropriate to give gifts on occasions such as festival, birthday, wedding, or visiting a patient. If you are invited to a family party, small gifts like wine, tea, cigarettes, or candies are welcomed. Also fruit, pastries, and flowers are a safe choice. As to other things, you should pay a little attention to the cultural differences. Contrary to Westerners, odd numbers are thought to be unfortunate. So wedding gifts and birthday gifts for the aged are always sent in pairs for the old saying goes that blessings come in pairs. Though four is an even number, it reads like death in Chinese thus is avoided. So is pear for being a homophone of separation. And a gift of clock sounds like attending other's funeral so it is a taboo, too. As connected with death and sorrow, black and white are also the last in the choice. Gift giving is unsuitable in public except for some souvenirs. Your good intentions or gratitude should be given priority to but not the value of the gifts. Otherwise the receiver may mistake it for a bribe.

As more and more foreign corporations and individuals go to tap the Chinese market, it is better to know some Chinese practices in business contacts and negotiation beforehand.

When the establishment of initial business contacts is referred, introduction letters may be the first ready answer for those who are familiar with the old system of planned economy. The purchasing agent had to take an introduction letter made out by the factory director when getting into touch with other factories. After the policy of opening to the outside world was adopted, more convenient ways emerged. You can establish contacts by phone, fax, email and more and more Chinese corporations have set up their own websites. After the first phase, an investigation to the company in person may show your sincerity to cooperate.

When negotiation is entered, the right of decision-making often depends on who are present at the meeting. In most cases, verbal communications are enough. Too many gestures may leave others an impression of arrogance. As to eye contact, when you speak, looking into others' eyes will do, for cultural differences puts a limit on it. And you'd better not take the Chinese nod for agreement; it's only a sign that they are listening attentively. Chinese prefer formal meetings, but after that is usually a dinner together to show their hospitality. However some Westerners think it a waste at public expense. One piece of advice may be 'Do as the Chinese do.' When you become acquaintance with the Chinese partner, a private lunch meeting or dinner at home is a good opportunity to know each other.

In China you should not be surprised to see many business women taking up positions like director, general manager, president and etc. They play such an important role in the society as to 'prop up half of the sky.' Generally speaking, career women demand no more respect than men. But they will particularly appreciate the gentlemanly manners.

Chinese think punctuality is a virtue and try to practice it especially in the business world. Chinese usually tend to come a bit earlier to show their earnestness. And it would not be regarded as being late if you come within 10 minutes.

New Year's Day

10...9...8... The lighted ball in New York's Times Square starts picking up speed. 7...6...5... It's almost time. 4...3...2... Everyone holds their breath for the last few seconds. We're about to jump that seemingly large but invisible gap that separates the years. 1...0... Happy New Year!

We made it. The old year, for better or worse, is gone for good. The new year has begun with fresh promise. Here's our chance to start again, to do it right this time, to have another shot at success...at glory...at just accomplishing what we resolve to. It's time to shed that baggage from the year long gone and celebrate what can be in the 365 untouched days to come. Happy New Year!

We can trace the origins of a new year's celebration back to the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, at least 4,000 years ago. In Egypt, the Nile river signaled a new beginning for the farmers of the Nile as it flooded their land and enriched it with the silt（淤泥）needed to grow crops for the next year. This happened near the end of September.

The Babylonians held their festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next cycle of planting and harvest. Symbolically, the king was stripped of his robes and sent away for a few days while the people whooped it up. He then returned in all his finery for a grand parade, and the normal activities of life would return for the new year.

So how did we get to January 1 as the start of the year? That date was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The Roman Senate had actually tried to make January 1 New Year's Day in 153 BC, but it wasn't until Caesar stretched out 47 BC for 445 days that the date we're familiar with was synchronized with the sun. We've been on the Julian calendar ever since.

There must be something inside of us that needs to unload the accumulated results of fate and our own decisions and start anew. The Romans knew this. The month of January was named for their god, Janus, who is pictured with two heads. One looks forward, the other back, symbolizing a break between the old and new. The Greeks paraded a baby in a basket to represent the spirit of fertility. Christians adopted this symbol as the birth of the baby Jesus and continued what started as a pagan ritual. Today our New Year's symbols are a newborn baby starting the next year and an old man winding up the last year.

Around the world, different cultures have their own traditions for welcoming the new year. The Japanese hang a rope of straw across the front of their houses to keep out evil spirits and bring happiness and good luck. They also have a good laugh as the year begins to get things started on a lucky note.

In West Bengal, in northern India, the people like to wear pink, red, purple and white flowers. Women favor yellow, the color of spring. Hindus also leave shrines next to their beds so they can see beautiful objects when they wake up to the new year.

In Vancouver, British Columbia, Canadians enjoy the traditional polar bear swim. People of all ages don their swim suits and take the plunge, an event that is sure to get you started in the new year with eyes wide open.

A fairly new tradition that is starting to spread worldwide is a community celebration of the visual and performing arts on New Year's Eve. Started in Boston in 1976, an organization called First Night promotes alcohol-free festivals in 186 American cities, 16 in Canada, plus Hastings, New Zealand and Greenwich, England. Typical experiences include ice sculptures, dancing, storytelling, theater, poetry, films and, at the stroke of midnight, an elaborate fireworks display.

Best wishes to you and your loved ones for a happy and prosperous New Year!

Jesus

The teachings of Jesus Christ is very intriguing. "Bible New Testament Matthew" Chapter V 3-12 record of training people in the mountains of Jesus Christ as saying:

"Blessed are the people with an open mind! Because the kingdom of heaven is to them.
Blessed are the mourning Tong! Because they comfort the Bible.
Blessed are the gentle people! Because they will bear the soil.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst Muyi! Because they Baozu the Bible.
Blessed are the compassion of the people! Because they will be kept compassion.
Qingxin Blessed are the people! Because they see the Bible God.
Blessed are the people in harmony! Because they will be called the Son of God.
For justice by forcing the Blessed are! Because the kingdom of heaven is to them.
If I were abusive to you, forcing you, fabricated various Huaihua libel you, you are a blessing! It should be joy! Because your reward in heaven is great; you in the previous prophet, who is also forcing them to this. "

43 Festival and the Festival on the 44th on a very fresh point of view.

You listen to people, said: you have to love their neighbourhood, hate their enemies.
But I want to tell you: you have to love their enemies, bless those who curse you.
The good people who hate you, abuse you and persecute the people you pray.

In this section of the first few lines in this: "Do not resist evil, who do you play the Youlian, Zuolian also stretch the past."

Of course these ideas as there had been the most famous and most innovative of moral values, because these concepts is not Jesus the Jewish part of the times, nor is it part of other religions.

"Bible New Testament Matthew" Chapter 16 records, Jesus asked his disciples: "You say that I am who» "chief apostle Simon Peter answered:" You are Christ, the Son of God is eternal life. "Jesus Christ answered He said: "Simon Pakistan Jonah, Blessed are you! Because this is not a flesh and blood of your instructions, I am in heaven is the father of the instructions. I also told you that you are Peter, I want my Church construction in this rock; hell of power, he can not be better than (the "authority" for the original "The Gate"), I should give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven, where you are bundled to the ground, also tied up in the sky, where you On the ground by the release, also released in heaven. "Predicted that he would then have to Jerusalem, the arrest was an insult to the Jewish bigwigs, was handed over to the Romans were killed and resurrected the third day. These words at the time really is shocking!

"Bible New Testament John" Chapter 6 of the records, in Jesus Christ with five cakes and two fish to feed 5,000 men and women and children accompanying the day after, the audience said: "I tell you truly, If you eat meat of the Son of Man, the Son of Man Buhe the blood, there is no life inside you. I eat meat, I drank blood of people have eternal life, in the end I asked him to revive. I really can eat the meat; I really can drink the blood. I eat meat, I drank the blood often in me, I also often in his inside. Yong-living father how bad I am, because my father alive, as usual, I eat the meat of the people I have to live by. This is down from the sky of the grain. Eat the food that people will always alive, as you do not eat the ancestors or the dead Manna. "Similar to those filled with Jieyu, metaphor and other analogy, it makes Jesus Christ is very difficult to understand.

Dead until after the resurrection of Jesus Christ, his only gradually teach them understood, because, after all, any other religious leader had not revive dead Besides, or atonement for sinners to die. This is a unique historical event.

On the secular world several main types of relations

Religion as a social and cultural system, and it could take the form of political interaction in this performance at three levels, so that church-state relations for the performance of the four patterns.

      The first one is the religious and political power to achieve integration, which is a direct religious leaders as political leaders, both full unity, and this is the history of the so-called "divine right political." The situation in the primitive society and the slave society is widespread, often at the same time as the shaman of the tribe leader, Moses, the Jewish ancient times, the ancient Greek priests under the control of the city is so. After entering the feudal era, this situation still exists in some areas, such as the history of our country, the Dalai Lama, Tibet's regional government, the Middle East, the "Caliphate" regime, and so on. At this time of Judaism, ancient Greek religion, Tibetan Buddhism or Islam, on course to become a political ideology, and in the community formed the theocratic leaders of the political culture of absolute obedience.

      The second is the religious and political ideology, the combination is a certain kind of religion was declared the country's political ideology, and this is the history of the so-called "country of the rule." Christianity in the Middle Ages in Europe, most countries is the "state religion" is the sovereign powers of all countries the main basis for legitimacy is whether the community all "legitimate" the ultimate basis of religious rule in people's spiritual life. Modern Middle East region there are many Islamic countries as "state religion" to replace the constitutional doctrine of Islam. Although there are secular society's political rulers, but religion remains the supreme status of a political and cultural center. Since then religious organizations and government agencies have mutual independence, between them, both by the existence of mutual relations, but also for the mutual relations. Because politics is adjusted members of society and the relationship between the interests of acts, such an adjustment should be based on rational analysis on the basis of consultations, compromise. However, once this has a strong religious feelings of cultural factors involved in color, the interests of the adjustment will become extremely difficult.

      The third is the church-state relations in ancient China. Confucian scholars in the construction of the Spring and Autumn era of "rule by virtue of the" political doctrine, some exposition of Confucius at the same time, laid the foundation for the Confucian concept of religion. Confucius: "The meaning of the Treasury, King of spirits and far." Warring States after the Confucian scholar, put forward the "saints to a Shinto religion, clothes and just world," political views, religious as the political indoctrination " Tools. " Han Emperor Wu of China since the implementation of "deposed 100, Confucianism Worship Alone" policy, the history of Confucian philosophy has become monarch of political ideologies, they become the country's guiding ideology. However, ancient Chinese national religious and not perish, worship heaven and earth, their ancestors, Sajik, and other activities as a "political symbol", in the political culture of stability in the system of political power plays a vital role to form a unique to China "festival political unity "System. Buddhism, Taoism and other religions, are in a different way to express their political opinion, the political power of stability, "Yin Yi Wang," a supporting role. Since China implemented the ancient rule of absolute monarchy, the political culture of "obedience" Therefore, all religions must play a supplementary "rule" of the role of the church-state relations between ancient China we can be referred to as "the leader of the G-type."

      The fourth is that the contemporary Western world's secular relations. West of "participation" political culture. Citizens have faith, freedom of association, religious groups involved in political activities in accordance with the law, the church-state relations we called it as the "independence of Church and State." Politics and religion separate, parallel development of benign interaction. Specific form of expression is: the legitimacy of political power based on the establishment of democracy on the basis of the right, the power of managers from being managers, and managers are subject to the supervision. And the power of religion from the public and become a purely private matter, mainly to solve the people's spiritual life issues. Of course, religious organizations can also express their political opinion, even some religious parties, such as Israel's "Shas party," Japan's "New Komeito Party," but also directly involved in the campaign, the cabinet will occupy the seat. But many religious organizations as the Organization of the social group, must be in accordance with the relevant state laws and regulations, can not be "super human" in the form of participation in political affairs. Religion as a social ideology one of the components of the superstructure is still a level of Western culture based on democratic legitimacy, to play the role of social stability. President of the Bible to be sworn in按着, citizens in the courts to ensure that not perjury in front of the Bible…… religious symbols still play a political role.

      Of course, the church-state relations between Western countries is not perfect. Religious discrimination, religious Ganzheng incidents occur from time to time. While Western politicians strongly advertised freedom of religious belief, but the absolute majority of Christians in the circumstances, the religious beliefs of other nations can not be with them on an equal footing and practical. Especially in the "9 • 11 incident" after the phenomenon of discrimination against Muslims very serious. At the same time, the rise of the Christian conservative forces, the "clash of civilizations theory" popular, the United States to promote traditional values as the slogan of the external war, has been a considerable number of followers unconditional support to the other countries of the world's people are deeply threatened, Is worried about a "crusade." The development of Western religious conservatism, from negative to stimulate the "Al Qaeda" as the representative of the religious extremist ideologies, religious extremism, national separatism, international terrorism activities Yueyanyuelie. This just shows that relations between the secular changes in the process and its adaptation of the study are still far from complete.

Genesis Code is in the unique position

"The first volumes of the Bible is the most fascinating one of the scrolls, many reasons. Code is in the position, the remaining books and the Bible, the relationship between content and diversity is not only significant to highlight the characteristics that combine to make a WHO recorded in the Bible as the most important one of the books. This books have a genuine spiritual insights, so that God's people successive calendar World Dugen this book Youqi the community, and for so-sighted. "~ Mrs. James

Code is available in the unique position

Genesis (Greek, meaning "Start") named the most appropriate Dayi, said the volume of the Jews for bereshfth (in Hebrew means "the beginning"). Only this inspiring volume, as documented in the real one who alone entity - to create the creation of the Lord!

By God's servant Moses, the Holy Spirit retrospective men, women, marriage, family, crime, cities, trade, agriculture, music, worship, language, and the world public the origin of all ethnic groups. All these records in the first 11 chapters in Genesis.

Since then, from 12 to 50 chapters, we have to see Israel - God's "test-tube state," set up, as people of all ethnic groups in the spiritual world in miniature. Ancestors of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and his 12 sons, especially Jingqiankepei of Joseph, they inspire the life of the millions of people, little children, the elderly-to the Old Testament scholars.

We need a thorough understanding of Genesis, otherwise we can not understand the remaining 65 volumes of the Bible. These books based on Genesis beautiful balance on the basis of the literature.

2 for the author

We accept the ancient Jewish and Christian learned that Genesis is God's servant, Israel enacted the Law of Moses were written in the establishment. Genesis records the incidents have occurred before the birth of Moses, so be sure Moses is guided by the Holy Spirit, the use of ancient literature, oral or written accounts of Genesis. Moses is the author on the discussion can be found in the "Moses of the briefing."

Writing three dates

The most conservative scholars generally believe that Exodus about the main written before 1445. Therefore, this might be the date of Genesis and 40 years after the death of Moses written in the period. Of course, this may well be one of the five Exodus than the first written. In Genesis records of all things have taken place in this major event before. See details of the "Moses of the brief"

Genesis background and theme

Apart from the Bible, Judaism or Christianity deep prejudice of the people, almost everyone agreed that the best of Genesis detailed description of Gengu era, which includes wonderful stories, such as Joseph's life.

However, the Bible of the first volume of the background of what is » Simply put, it is what »

Those who refuse to believe that one, a person who tends to Genesis Collection classified as a myth, adapted from the atheism of the Mesopotamians myth, "Clear" They have the worst elements of God faith, a monotheistic Hebrew education.

Other people are not suspected of Genesis as roughly the length of historical stories or legends collection.

However, it was also explained that these are deeds and cultural universe is the source of the story (of the said reasons). Indeed there are reasons for the Old Testament in theory, especially in the beginning of this 000 are in the books (such as crime, rainbow, the Hebrew nation, etc.). But these explanations fully consistent with history.

Genesis is history. If all the history, it can explain. Genesis is the history of theology, God is in the framework of the plan describe the facts. People say that the good: "History is the story of God"

Although Genesis is the first of the "law" book, which is rare law components. Genesis is the law (Torah is the Hebrew meaning of the instructions), for the Exodus from Deuteronomy, and the promulgation of the law of God through Moses laid the foundation. In fact, the Genesis for the entire history of the Bible - Yes, laid the foundation for history itself.

This double blessing and Zhouzu theme skillfully weaving in the framework of Genesis, in fact, it is also God of the whole discourse. God is blessing increased, the rebels are perverse. The punishment of human degradation, floods and Babel are big Zhouzu Bianluan accent. Lord's promise of salvation, Min after the floods in the rescue, Israel was elected to highlight the special grace of God, this is a blessing.

If Genesis is the essence of history, knowing how to Moses in ancient times all the records, dialogue, events and the correct interpretation of events » First of all, I should say that archaeology in many areas to support (not "prove", but confirmed and Commentary) Genesis records, particularly with regard to the ancestors and their customs.

Some 19th century, liberal scholars, such as Hedman, it is impossible to think of Moses as the author, because at that time had not yet invented writing! Now, we know that Moses wrote the ability of any volume of Ancient Hand; Egypt because he made all of the knowledge.

There is no doubt that Moses Joseph left with the records. Writing boards, parchment, and from ancient Mesopotamia metres from the descendants of Abraham and oral translation. This includes a family tree, the main link called "Adam's ethnic" and so on.

When the final analysis, there are still inadequate. Moses the Holy Spirit of God moved right to choose the correct information, and discard the other. God may provide inspiration through direct dialogue between the information and other things to Moses.

Now less confident about the issue. He is God's servant to be completed by Zhuban work. World calendar date from ancient history are the followers prove God is real.

Archaeology can help us restructure Liezu culture, so that the Bible clearly documented more vivid. However, only the Holy Spirit to our hearts and to clarify the daily life the truth of Genesis. When you read the book of Genesis, or any volume of the Old Testament books, you must rely on the myth of the Holy Spirit to you clarify the meaning of the phrase itself, so you really gain from the benefits of the Notes. Notes is not a truly independent way, but an indicator, pointing to "Lord said so."

The origin of Buddhism

Buddhism originated in India, by Gautama Xida Duo (BC 565 - the former 486) to create. It is said that once Sakya Muni car trips, to see an elderly person, a disabled, a self-cultivation, one dead, are all life, health, aging, sickness and death are painful. In order to find ways to lift the suffering, he was determined to give up the right of succession to the throne, abandoned wife of love, abandoning all the advantages of life, abandoned homes left in the vast forest, replaced Prince clothes, Tidiao hair, to follow the Ku Xingseng religious, Trouble-day six years, and even a shower or washing, or did not find a solution to the problem. Later, he in a Panxi and sit under the bodhi tree, after 49 days of Mingsikuxiang, when a bright star rising from the east, he suddenly Chewu, founded Buddhism. The basic doctrine of Buddhism is: opposed to the people divided into grades, advocating "full equality", sympathy Unfortunately, publicity karma, advocated the use of self-relief methods to eliminate trouble. Buddhism these escapism, and negate the idea of struggle by the ruling class welcomed.
  Sakyamuni founded Buddhism, on the peninsula in many parts of India and Ceylon, Myanmar to preach, until 486 BC at the age of 80 years died. And after 500 years, from the first century to the middle of Buddhism in China, has gradually become China's main religions of this.

Christianity

Christian belief in Jesus Christ the Savior is the religion. Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Christian Maronite Christian collectively - Chinese in the "Christian" are often specifically Protestant (also commonly known as "Jesus taught"), the three major denominations (Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant) and the Christian Maronite general to collectively "Christianity," the word. But in this term, "Christian" means "Christianity", that is, collectively, rather than Protestant. At present Christianity in the world is about 2.14 billion followers, as has the most religious believers to Asia, Africa, the followers of the fastest growing.

1, history (refer to Christian history)

2, doctrine (see Nicene Creed)

3, major festivals

Major Christian festivals have Christmas, Passion Festival, Easter, Ascension and All Saints Day (Halloween), the Catholic and Orthodox have Pentecost Day, Assumption Day, naming Japan, and other festivals.

Christmas Day: December 25. Former Roman mythology in the sun god Apollo's birthday; Roman Empire to Christianity to the country after this, to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ, but the true date of birth of Jesus Christ No one knows.

Passion: the Friday before Easter, commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on the Cross.

Easter: March 21 to April 25, and the annual full moon after the spring equinox the first Sunday to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Thanksgiving Day: (Christian traditional festivals in North America, rather than the universal Christian festival) in November the fourth Thursday (United States), or 10 on the third Saturday (Canada).
Christian history:

Since Jesus was born to become a Christian state religion of the Roman Empire until about 500 years, the early Christian period.
Since the subsequent 500-1500, gradually spread to the Christian Roman, Celtic, Germanic and Slavic peoples, such as in Europe, the Middle Ages to establish Christian civilization. However, also in this period, Christianity by the harsh test. It's sphere of influence early Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, North Africa and Spain have been part of Islam, Sicily and southern Italy is also under threat. Russia and the relegation of Mongolia Khan Khan's account of the Turks under the rule, then Anwar, the Huns, Mongols, Turks also have penetrated the West.
1054, the Catholic and Orthodox Christianity is divided into two main faction.
16th-century religious reform movement that also produced a Protestant Christian, Anritsu Ganzong, in the Lutheran Church, in the authentic and other factions.
The 19th century is the history of Christianity spread of the "great century", in this century, Christianity was spread to the rest of the world.

A non-stop complaining about the

A man who decided to Qiaofa for the monks, then into a temple. There, the silence is the most fundamental Jietiao, he can only say two words every ten years.

Ten years later, he presided over the temple to call, said: "well, now you can say that the word." The man said "cold meal" will be left.

And a decade later, this time the man said, "bed hard."

To a third over the past 10 years, the men also summoned the auspices of where to. "I go," he said.

The answer: "I do not feel surprised, Zida you come here, you have been complained of endless."

I said you do not believe it the beans are sprouting…… "

A, B, C three girls a good relationship, so Jiebai a sister, Jiebai the time we made under the oath, not to do the same on the same day health, but to the same month died the same day. It is unfortunate, A girl one day a car accident died, and then some people said she saw the ghost of loitering in their Jiebai place.

B, C of the two girls are afraid, afraid of her to ask them to realize its promise, after a period of time B girls bizarre death, is said to be scared to death of, C girls very afraid, therefore, to a temple to find a monk Help and hope that we can remove one death.

Monk see her pitiable, and she promised to help the A, B negotiations, he spread a plate a number of red beans and some black bean, the C girls said: "one week after you come here I see, if by that time floating in the Surface of red beans more, then you are all right, if floating in the surface of black bean and more, then I also powerless. "

C Huang Huang of the girls home after a one week, C girls can not wait跑来asked the monk a result, monks come to the plate in front of the lid open, face a deadlock in there, Haoyi Hui did not speak.

The disciples of the radical monks, busy running past a look, sighed a breath, said: "Master, I am back and you said, the temple moisture heavy, moisture-proof machine to buy your letter you do not, you see, the beans are sprouting …… "